SUMMARY OF UNFCCC COP 30: CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES, BELEM, BRAZIL

COP30, held in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025, produced a “Global Mutirão” (collective effort) decision that focused heavily on implementation, finance, adaptation, and a just transition, but failed to secure a formal roadmap for phasing out fossil fuels in the core agreement text. The outcomes were mixed, reflecting deep geopolitical divisions. 

Key Outcomes of COP30

Finance and Implementation

Adaptation Finance: Countries made a landmark political commitment to triple global adaptation finance by 2035 (targeting US$120 billion a year), a significant signal but a later deadline than many developing nations requested.

Mobilization Goal: The conference reaffirmed the goal from COP29 to mobilize at least US$1.3 trillion per year by 2035 for climate action from all public and private sources in developing countries.

Global Implementation Accelerator/Belém Mission to 1.5°C: 2 voluntary initiatives were launched to help countries speed up delivery of their national climate action plans (NDCs) and adaptation plans. 

Fossil Fuels and Mitigation

No Formal Fossil Fuel Roadmap: Despite calls from over 80 countries, the final text did not include a formal roadmap to transition away from fossil fuels due to opposition from major oil-producing nations.

Presidency-led Roadmaps: As a compromise, the Brazilian COP30 presidency announced plans to develop two voluntary roadmaps outside the formal UN process: one on the transition away from fossil fuels and another on ending deforestation.

Updated NDCs: Over 122 countries submitted new or updated national climate plans (NDCs), but these combined efforts still fall short of what is needed to limit global warming to 1.5°C. 

Adaptation and Nature

Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) Indicators: An agreed set of 59 indicators was adopted to measure global progress on adaptation, providing a common framework for assessment.

Social and Trade Issues: Just Transition Mechanism

A significant outcome was the establishment of the Belém Action Mechanism (BAM) to enhance international cooperation, technical assistance, and knowledge sharing to ensure the transition to sustainable economies is fair and inclusive for workers and communities.

Trade and Climate Dialogue: For the first time, the final agreement established a multi-year dialogue process to discuss the opportunities, challenges, and barriers related to international trade measures and climate action.

Gender Action Plan: A new Gender Action Plan was adopted, focusing on integrating gender analysis into climate policies and ensuring women and girls are central to decision-making.

NEW INITIATIVES

• Fund Investment Platforms, Target IRR equity 15%-20%
• Direct Investment Platform, Target IRR equity 15%-20%

The two platforms to be applied to each of the following below

Global Green Electricity Generation

• 24/7 Greenfield Renewable Energy Electricity Generation
• Greenfield Wind, Solar, Hydro, Pump Hydro, Bioenergy, Pump Hydro
• 10 MW – 1000 MW singular project or hybrid project
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Heating Production

• 24/7 Green Steam and Hot Water Production
• Green Solar, Hydrogen and Bioenergy Resources
• 10 Tons per Hour – 1,000 Tons per Hour
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Transmission

•    24/7 Greenfield Green Transmission Train
•    Alternating Current / High Voltage Direct Current, Bi-Polar
•    10 MW – 500 MW (AC); 5,000 MW (HVDC) Transmission Capacity
•    Transmission Line: 100 km – 500 MW (AC), HVDC up to 1,500 km
•    Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Hydrogen

• 24/7 Greenfield Green Hydrogen Production, Transmission or Transport
• Green Electricity for PEM Electrolysers
• Target Subsidy from Host Country Government: Up to USD 5 per kg
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Cement

• 24/7 Greenfield Cement Production
• 24/7 Bioenergy and Green Hydrogen Resources
• 100,000 – 5 million Tons per Year
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Agriculture

• Green Hydrogen, Ammonia, Urea and Di-Ammonium Phosphate
• 24/7 Green Electricity, Green Hydrogen Resources; Haber Process
• 100,000 – 1 million Tons per Year
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Pump Hydro Storage

• 24/7 Green Electricity Production; Daily Cycling Pumping/Generation
• 50 MW – 1000 MW – 2000 MW installed capacity
• Target Green Electricity Cost: USD 30 per MWh
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Aviation and Marine Bio-Fuel and Electro-Fuel

• Aluminium, Platinum, Polysilicon, Steel, Tin, 
• 24/7 Green A1 Jet Fuel, Bio-Methanol, Electro-Methanol Production
• 100,000 – 1 million Tons per Year of each fuel type
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Hotels Construction

• Equatorial, Tropical and Temperate Regions
• 24/7 Green Electricity, Green Hydrogen for Kitchen and Central Heating
• 300 – 1,000 guestrooms capacity
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Global Green Industrial Park Construction (Green Power and Heat)

• Cement, Chemicals, Food & Beverage, Glass, Metals, Petrochemicals, Paper,
• Pharma, Small-Medium Scale Manufacturing, Steel, Water/Wastewater TP   
• 24/7 Greenfield Green Electricity, Green Hydrogen Production
• 50 MW – 1000 MW installed capacity renewable energy hybrids
• Up to 40,000 Tons per Year of Green Hydrogen production
• Target IRR equity: 15%-20%

Non-Fund Initiatives

Direct Investment Platform

Single and Double Auction Platforms, planned for 2026-2030

• Sellers (Investors)
• Buyers (Off-Takers)
• Green Electricity Generation
• Green Heating Production
• Green Transmission
• Green Hydrogen Production
• Green Data Centre
• Green Metals and Minerals
• Green Agriculture
• Green Pump Hydro Storage
• Green Aviation and Marine Fuel
• Green Hotels Construction
• Green Industrial Parks